Review article about Protein Condensation

Miao, Y.; Guo, X.; Zhu, K.; Zhao, W. Biomolecular Condensates Tunes Immune Signaling at the Host–Pathogen Interface. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2023, 74, 102374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102374.

This review discusses the formation of immune signaling hubs by plant immune regulators called biomolecular condensates (BCs) to modulate plant immunity. It highlights that understanding how these BCs regulate signaling on the plant cell membrane is still underexplored. The authors leave several key questions for future exploration:

1. 1)How do plants create various assemblies or signaling hubs by combining oligomerization and interactions in response to different demands?

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3. 2) While mechanical forces impact mammalian cell receptors, how do they activate or limit signal transduction on the plant cell membrane?

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5. 3) How does the dynamic process of hub assembly, like percolating clusters or coalescence during phase separation, control immune activation or fine-tune signal amplification?

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7. 4) Do interactions between signaling hubs or the formation of distinct condensates drive signaling crosstalk?

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9. 5)It's challenging to monitor interactions between different immune complexes, especially if they establish weak and transient associations upon microbial stimulation.